Package nz.org.riskscape.picocli

Class CommandLine

java.lang.Object
nz.org.riskscape.picocli.CommandLine
public class CommandLine extends Object

CommandLine interpreter that uses reflection to initialize an annotated user object with values obtained from the command line arguments.

Example

An example that implements Callable and uses the CommandLine.execute convenience API to run in a single line of code: 

  @Command(name = "checksum", mixinStandardHelpOptions = true, version = "checksum 4.0",
           description = "Prints the checksum (MD5 by default) of a file to STDOUT.")
  class CheckSum implements Callable<Integer> {


 &#064;Parameters(index = "0", description = "The file whose checksum to calculate.")
  private File file;
 
  &#064;Option(names = {"-a", "--algorithm"}, description = "MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, ...")
  private String algorithm = "MD5";
 
  // CheckSum implements Callable, so parsing, error handling and handling user
  // requests for usage help or version help can be done with one line of code.
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
      int exitCode = new CommandLine(new CheckSum()).execute(args);
      System.exit(exitCode);
  }
 
  &#064;Override
  public Integer call() throws Exception { // your business logic goes here...
      byte[] fileContents = Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath());
      byte[] digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm).digest(fileContents);
      System.out.printf("%0" + (digest.length*2) + "x%n", new BigInteger(1,digest));
      return 0;
  }
 


}

Another example where the application calls parseArgs and takes responsibility for error handling and checking whether the user requested help:

import static picocli.CommandLine.*;


@Command(mixinStandardHelpOptions = true, version = "v3.0.0",
header = "Encrypt FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output or to the output file.")
public class Encrypt {


 &#064;Parameters(description = "Any number of input files")
  private List&lt;File&gt; files = new ArrayList&lt;File&gt;();
 
  &#064;Option(names = { "-o", "--out" }, description = "Output file (default: print to console)")
  private File outputFile;
 
  &#064;Option(names = { "-v", "--verbose"}, description = "Verbose mode. Helpful for troubleshooting. Multiple -v options increase the verbosity.")
  private boolean[] verbose;
 


}

Use CommandLine to initialize a user object as follows: 

  public static void main(String... args) {
      Encrypt encrypt = new Encrypt();
      try {
          ParseResult parseResult = new CommandLine(encrypt).parseArgs(args);
          if (!CommandLine.printHelpIfRequested(parseResult)) {
              runProgram(encrypt);
          }
      } catch (ParameterException ex) { // command line arguments could not be parsed
          System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
          ex.getCommandLine().usage(System.err);
      }
  }

Invoke the above program with some command line arguments. The below are all equivalent: 

  --verbose --out=outfile in1 in2
  --verbose --out outfile in1 in2
  -v --out=outfile in1 in2
  -v -o outfile in1 in2
  -v -o=outfile in1 in2
  -vo outfile in1 in2
  -vo=outfile in1 in2
  -v -ooutfile in1 in2
  -vooutfile in1 in2

Classes and Interfaces for Defining a CommandSpec Model

Classes and Interfaces for Defining a CommandSpec Model

Classes Related to Parsing Command Line Arguments

Classes Related to Parsing Command Line Arguments

  • Field Details

  • Constructor Details

    • CommandLine

      public CommandLine(Object command)

      Constructs a new CommandLine interpreter with the specified object (which may be an annotated user object or a CommandSpec) and a default factory.

      The specified object may be a CommandSpec object, or it may be a @Command-annotated user object with @Option and @Parameters-annotated fields, in which case picocli automatically constructs a CommandSpec from this user object.

      If the specified command object is an interface Class with @Option and @Parameters-annotated methods, picocli creates a Proxy whose methods return the matched command line values. If the specified command object is a concrete Class, picocli delegates to the default factory to get an instance.

      If the specified object implements Runnable or Callable, or if it is a Method object, the command can be run as an application in a single line of code by using the execute method to omit some boilerplate code for handling help requests and invalid input. See getCommandMethods for a convenient way to obtain a command Method.

      When the parseArgs(String...) method is called, the CommandSpec object will be initialized based on command line arguments. If the commandSpec is created from an annotated user object, this user object will be initialized based on the command line arguments.

      Parameters:
      command - an annotated user object or a CommandSpec object to initialize from the command line arguments
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation

    • CommandLine

      public CommandLine(Object command, CommandLine.IFactory factory)

      Constructs a new CommandLine interpreter with the specified object (which may be an annotated user object or a CommandSpec) and object factory.

      The specified object may be a CommandSpec object, or it may be a @Command-annotated user object with @Option and @Parameters-annotated fields, in which case picocli automatically constructs a CommandSpec from this user object.

      If the specified command object is an interface Class with @Option and @Parameters-annotated methods, picocli creates a Proxy whose methods return the matched command line values. If the specified command object is a concrete Class, picocli delegates to the factory to get an instance.

      If the specified object implements Runnable or Callable, or if it is a Method object, the command can be run as an application in a single line of code by using the execute method to omit some boilerplate code for handling help requests and invalid input. See getCommandMethods for a convenient way to obtain a command Method.

      When the parseArgs(String...) method is called, the CommandSpec object will be initialized based on command line arguments. If the commandSpec is created from an annotated user object, this user object will be initialized based on the command line arguments.

      Parameters:
      command - an annotated user object or a CommandSpec object to initialize from the command line arguments
      factory - the factory used to create instances of subcommands, converters, etc., that are registered declaratively with annotation attributes
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation

  • Method Details

    • getCommandSpec

      public CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec getCommandSpec()

      Returns the CommandSpec model that this CommandLine was constructed with.

      Returns:
      the CommandSpec model

    • addMixin

      public CommandLine addMixin(String name, Object mixin)

      Adds the options and positional parameters in the specified mixin to this command.

      The specified object may be a CommandSpec object, or it may be a user object with @Option and @Parameters-annotated fields, in which case picocli automatically constructs a CommandSpec from this user object.

      Parameters:
      name - the name by which the mixin object may later be retrieved
      mixin - an annotated user object or a CommandSpec object whose options and positional parameters to add to this command
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining

    • getMixins

      public Map<String,Object> getMixins()

      Returns a map of user objects whose options and positional parameters were added to ("mixed in" with) this command.

      Returns:
      a new Map containing the user objects mixed in with this command. If CommandSpec objects without user objects were programmatically added, use the underlying model directly.

    • addSubcommand

      public CommandLine addSubcommand(Object command)
      Registers a subcommand with the name obtained from the @Command(name = "...") annotation attribute of the specified command.
      Parameters:
      command - the object to initialize with command line arguments following the subcommand name. This may be a Class that has a @Command annotation, or an instance of such a class, or a CommandSpec or CommandLine instance with its own (nested) subcommands.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if no name could be found for the specified subcommand, or if another subcommand was already registered under the same name, or if one of the aliases of the specified subcommand was already used by another subcommand.
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • addSubcommand

      public CommandLine addSubcommand(String name, Object command)
      Registers a subcommand with the specified name. For example: 
       CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(new Git())
         .addSubcommand("status",   new GitStatus())
         .addSubcommand("commit",   new GitCommit();
         .addSubcommand("add",      new GitAdd())
         .addSubcommand("branch",   new GitBranch())
         .addSubcommand("checkout", new GitCheckout())
         //...
         ;

      The specified object can be an annotated object or a CommandLine instance with its own nested subcommands. For example:

       CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(new MainCommand())
         .addSubcommand("cmd1",                 new ChildCommand1()) // subcommand
         .addSubcommand("cmd2",                 new ChildCommand2())
         .addSubcommand("cmd3", new CommandLine(new ChildCommand3()) // subcommand with nested sub-subcommands
                 .addSubcommand("cmd3sub1",                 new GrandChild3Command1())
                 .addSubcommand("cmd3sub2",                 new GrandChild3Command2())
                 .addSubcommand("cmd3sub3", new CommandLine(new GrandChild3Command3()) // deeper nesting
                         .addSubcommand("cmd3sub3sub1", new GreatGrandChild3Command3_1())
                         .addSubcommand("cmd3sub3sub2", new GreatGrandChild3Command3_2())
                 )
         );

      The default type converters are available on all subcommands and nested sub-subcommands, but custom type converters are registered only with the subcommand hierarchy as it existed when the custom type was registered. To ensure a custom type converter is available to all subcommands, register the type converter last, after adding subcommands.

      See also the CommandLine.Command.subcommands() annotation to register subcommands declaratively.

      Parameters:
      name - the string to recognize on the command line as a subcommand. If null, the name of the specified subcommand is used; if this is also null, the first alias is used.
      command - the object to initialize with command line arguments following the subcommand name. This may be a Class that has a @Command annotation, or an instance of such a class, or a CommandSpec or CommandLine instance with its own (nested) subcommands.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified name is null, and no alternative name could be found, or if another subcommand was already registered under the same name, or if one of the aliases of the specified subcommand was already used by another subcommand.
      Since:
      0.9.7
      See Also:

    • addSubcommand

      public CommandLine addSubcommand(String name, Object command, String... aliases)
      Registers a subcommand with the specified name and all specified aliases. See also addSubcommand(String, Object).
      Parameters:
      name - the string to recognize on the command line as a subcommand. If null, the name of the specified subcommand is used; if this is also null, the first alias is used.
      command - the object to initialize with command line arguments following the subcommand name. This may be a Class that has a @Command annotation, or an instance of such a class, or a CommandSpec or CommandLine instance with its own (nested) subcommands.
      aliases - zero or more alias names that are also recognized on the command line as this subcommand
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified name is null, and no alternative name could be found, or if another subcommand was already registered under the same name, or if one of the aliases of the specified subcommand was already used by another subcommand.
      Since:
      3.1
      See Also:

    • getSubcommands

      public Map<String,CommandLine> getSubcommands()
      Returns a map with the subcommands registered on this instance.
      Returns:
      a map with the registered subcommands
      Since:
      0.9.7

    • getParent

      public CommandLine getParent()

      Returns the command that this is a subcommand of, or null if this is a top-level command.

      Returns:
      the command that this is a subcommand of, or null if this is a top-level command
      Since:
      0.9.8
      See Also:

    • getCommand

      public <T> T getCommand()
      Returns the annotated user object that this CommandLine instance was constructed with.
      Type Parameters:
      T - the type of the variable that the return value is being assigned to
      Returns:
      the annotated object that this CommandLine instance was constructed with
      Since:
      0.9.7

    • isUsageHelpRequested

      public boolean isUsageHelpRequested()
      Returns true if an option annotated with CommandLine.Option.usageHelp() was specified on the command line.
      Returns:
      whether the parser encountered an option annotated with CommandLine.Option.usageHelp().
      Since:
      0.9.8

    • isVersionHelpRequested

      public boolean isVersionHelpRequested()
      Returns true if an option annotated with CommandLine.Option.versionHelp() was specified on the command line.
      Returns:
      whether the parser encountered an option annotated with CommandLine.Option.versionHelp().
      Since:
      0.9.8

    • getHelp

      public CommandLine.Help getHelp()
      Returns a new Help object created by the IHelpFactory with the CommandSpec and ColorScheme of this command.
      Since:
      4.1
      See Also:

    • getHelpFactory

      public CommandLine.IHelpFactory getHelpFactory()
      Returns the IHelpFactory that is used to construct the usage help message.
      Since:
      3.9
      See Also:

    • setHelpFactory

      public CommandLine setHelpFactory(CommandLine.IHelpFactory helpFactory)
      Sets a new IHelpFactory to customize the usage help message.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      helpFactory - the new help factory. Must be non-null.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.9

    • getHelpSectionKeys

      public List<String> getHelpSectionKeys()

      Returns the section keys in the order that the usage help message should render the sections. This ordering may be modified with setSectionKeys. The default keys are (in order):

      1. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>HEADER<em>HEADING SECTIONKEYHEADERHEADING}
      2. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>HEADER SECTIONKEYHEADER}
      3. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>SYNOPSIS<em>HEADING SECTIONKEYSYNOPSISHEADING}
      4. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>SYNOPSIS SECTIONKEYSYNOPSIS}
      5. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>DESCRIPTION<em>HEADING SECTIONKEYDESCRIPTIONHEADING}
      6. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>DESCRIPTION SECTIONKEYDESCRIPTION}
      7. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>PARAMETER<em>LIST</em>HEADING SECTIONKEYPARAMETERLISTHEADING}
      8. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>PARAMETER<em>LIST SECTIONKEYPARAMETERLIST}
      9. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>OPTION<em>LIST</em>HEADING SECTIONKEYOPTIONLISTHEADING}
      10. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>OPTION<em>LIST SECTIONKEYOPTIONLIST}
      11. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>COMMAND<em>LIST</em>HEADING SECTIONKEYCOMMANDLISTHEADING}
      12. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>COMMAND<em>LIST SECTIONKEYCOMMANDLIST}
      13. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>EXIT<em>CODE</em>LIST<em>HEADING SECTIONKEYEXITCODELISTHEADING}
      14. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>EXIT<em>CODE</em>LIST SECTIONKEYEXITCODELIST}
      15. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>FOOTER<em>HEADING SECTIONKEYFOOTERHEADING}
      16. {@link UsageMessageSpec#SECTION<em>KEY</em>FOOTER SECTIONKEYFOOTER}

      Since:
      3.9

    • setHelpSectionKeys

      public CommandLine setHelpSectionKeys(List<String> keys)

      Sets the section keys in the order that the usage help message should render the sections.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Use CommandLine.Model.UsageMessageSpec.sectionKeys(List) to customize a command without affecting its subcommands.

      Since:
      3.9
      See Also:

    • getHelpSectionMap

      public Map<String,CommandLine.IHelpSectionRenderer> getHelpSectionMap()

      Returns the map of section keys and renderers used to construct the usage help message. The usage help message can be customized by adding, replacing and removing section renderers from this map. Sections can be reordered with setSectionKeys. Sections that are either not in this map or not in the list returned by getSectionKeys are omitted.

      NOTE: By modifying the returned Map, only the usage help message of this command is affected. Use setHelpSectionMap(Map) to customize the usage help message for this command and all subcommands.

      Since:
      3.9

    • setHelpSectionMap

      public CommandLine setHelpSectionMap(Map<String,CommandLine.IHelpSectionRenderer> map)

      Sets the map of section keys and renderers used to construct the usage help message.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Use CommandLine.Model.UsageMessageSpec.sectionMap(Map) to customize a command without affecting its subcommands.

      Since:
      3.9
      See Also:

    • isAdjustLineBreaksForWideCJKCharacters

      public boolean isAdjustLineBreaksForWideCJKCharacters()

      Returns whether line breaks should take wide Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters into account for line-breaking purposes. The default is true.

      Returns:
      true if wide Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters are counted as double the size of other characters for line-breaking purposes

    • setAdjustLineBreaksForWideCJKCharacters

      public CommandLine setAdjustLineBreaksForWideCJKCharacters(boolean adjustForWideChars)
      Sets whether line breaks should take wide Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters into account, and returns this UsageMessageSpec. The default is true.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      adjustForWideChars - if true, wide Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters are counted as double the size of other characters for line-breaking purposes
      Since:
      4.0

    • isToggleBooleanFlags

      public boolean isToggleBooleanFlags()
      Returns whether the value of boolean flag options should be "toggled" when the option is matched. From 4.0, this is false by default, and when a flag option is specified on the command line picocli will set its value to the opposite of its default value. If this method returns true, flags are toggled, so if the value is true it is set to false, and when the value is false it is set to true. When toggling is enabled, specifying a flag option twice on the command line will have no effect because they cancel each other out.
      Returns:
      true the value of boolean flag options should be "toggled" when the option is matched, false otherwise
      Since:
      3.0

    • setToggleBooleanFlags

      public CommandLine setToggleBooleanFlags(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether the value of boolean flag options should be "toggled" when the option is matched. The default is false, and when a flag option is specified on the command line picocli will set its value to the opposite of its default value.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.0

    • isInterpolateVariables

      public boolean isInterpolateVariables()
      Returns whether whether variables should be interpolated in String values. The default is true.
      Since:
      4.0

    • setInterpolateVariables

      public CommandLine setInterpolateVariables(boolean interpolate)
      Sets whether whether variables should be interpolated in String values. The default is true.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Since:
      4.0

    • isOverwrittenOptionsAllowed

      public boolean isOverwrittenOptionsAllowed()
      Returns whether options for single-value fields can be specified multiple times on the command line. The default is false and a CommandLine.OverwrittenOptionException is thrown if this happens. When true, the last specified value is retained.
      Returns:
      true if options for single-value fields can be specified multiple times on the command line, false otherwise
      Since:
      0.9.7

    • setOverwrittenOptionsAllowed

      public CommandLine setOverwrittenOptionsAllowed(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether options for single-value fields can be specified multiple times on the command line without a CommandLine.OverwrittenOptionException being thrown. The default is false.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      0.9.7

    • isPosixClusteredShortOptionsAllowed

      public boolean isPosixClusteredShortOptionsAllowed()
      Returns whether the parser accepts clustered short options. The default is true.
      Returns:
      true if short options like -x -v -f SomeFile can be clustered together like -xvfSomeFile, false otherwise
      Since:
      3.0

    • setPosixClusteredShortOptionsAllowed

      public CommandLine setPosixClusteredShortOptionsAllowed(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether short options like -x -v -f SomeFile can be clustered together like -xvfSomeFile. The default is true.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.0

    • isCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed

      public boolean isCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed()
      Returns whether the parser should ignore case when converting arguments to enum values. The default is false.
      Returns:
      true if enum values can be specified that don't match the toString() value of the enum constant, false otherwise; e.g., for an option of type java.time.DayOfWeek, values MonDaY, monday and MONDAY are all recognized if true.
      Since:
      3.4

    • setCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed

      public CommandLine setCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether the parser should ignore case when converting arguments to enum values. The default is false. When set to true, for example, for an option of type java.time.DayOfWeek, values MonDaY, monday and MONDAY are all recognized if true.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.4

    • isTrimQuotes

      public boolean isTrimQuotes()
      Returns whether the parser should trim quotes from command line arguments. The default is read from the system property "picocli.trimQuotes" and will be true if the property is present and empty, or if its value is "true".

      If this property is set to true, the parser will remove quotes from the command line arguments, as follows:

      • if the command line argument contains just the leading and trailing quote, these quotes are removed
      • if the command line argument contains more quotes than just the leading and trailing quote, the parser first tries to process the parameter with the quotes intact. For example, the split regular expression inside a quoted region should be ignored, so arguments like "a,b","x,y" are handled correctly. For arguments with nested quotes, quotes are removed later in the processing pipeline, after split operations are applied.
      Returns:
      true if the parser should trim quotes from command line arguments before processing them, false otherwise;
      Since:
      3.7
      See Also:

    • setTrimQuotes

      public CommandLine setTrimQuotes(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether the parser should trim quotes from command line arguments before processing them. The default is read from the system property "picocli.trimQuotes" and will be true if the property is set and empty, or if its value is "true".

      If this property is set to true, the parser will remove quotes from the command line arguments, as follows:

      • if the command line argument contains just the leading and trailing quote, these quotes are removed
      • if the command line argument contains more quotes than just the leading and trailing quote, the parser first tries to process the parameter with the quotes intact. For example, the split regular expression inside a quoted region should be ignored, so arguments like "a,b","x,y" are handled correctly. For arguments with nested quotes, quotes are removed later in the processing pipeline, after split operations are applied.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Calling this method will cause the "picocli.trimQuotes" property to have no effect.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.7
      See Also:

    • isSplitQuotedStrings

      @Deprecated public boolean isSplitQuotedStrings()
      Deprecated.
      Most applications should not change the default. The rare application that does need to split parameter values without respecting quotes should use CommandLine.Model.ParserSpec.splitQuotedStrings(boolean).
      Returns whether the parser is allowed to split quoted Strings or not. The default is false, so quotes are respected: quoted strings are treated as a single value that should not be broken up.

      For example, take a single command line parameter "a,b","x,y". With a comma split regex, the default of splitQuotedStrings = false means that this value will be split into two strings: "a,b" and "x,y". This is usually what you want.

      If splitQuotedStrings is set to true, quotes are not respected, and the value is split up into four parts: the first is "a, the second is b", the third is "x, and the last part is y". This is generally not what you want.

      Returns:
      true if the parser is allowed to split quoted Strings, false otherwise;
      Since:
      3.7
      See Also:

    • setSplitQuotedStrings

      @Deprecated public CommandLine setSplitQuotedStrings(boolean newValue)
      Deprecated.
      Most applications should not change the default. The rare application that does need to split parameter values without respecting quotes should use CommandLine.Model.ParserSpec.splitQuotedStrings(boolean).
      Sets whether the parser is allowed to split quoted Strings. The default is false, so quotes are respected: quoted strings are treated as a single value that should not be broken up.

      For example, take a single command line parameter "a,b","x,y". With a comma split regex, the default of splitQuotedStrings = false means that this value will be split into two strings: "a,b" and "x,y". This is usually what you want.

      However, if splitQuotedStrings is set to true, quotes are not respected, and the value is split up into four parts: the first is "a, the second is b", the third is "x, and the last part is y". This is generally not what you want.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.7
      See Also:

    • getEndOfOptionsDelimiter

      public String getEndOfOptionsDelimiter()
      Returns the end-of-options delimiter that signals that the remaining command line arguments should be treated as positional parameters.
      Returns:
      the end-of-options delimiter. The default is "--".
      Since:
      3.5

    • setEndOfOptionsDelimiter

      public CommandLine setEndOfOptionsDelimiter(String delimiter)
      Sets the end-of-options delimiter that signals that the remaining command line arguments should be treated as positional parameters.
      Parameters:
      delimiter - the end-of-options delimiter; must not be null. The default is "--".
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.5

    • getDefaultValueProvider

      public CommandLine.IDefaultValueProvider getDefaultValueProvider()
      Returns the default value provider for the command, or null if none has been set.
      Returns:
      the default value provider for this command, or null
      Since:
      3.6
      See Also:

    • setDefaultValueProvider

      public CommandLine setDefaultValueProvider(CommandLine.IDefaultValueProvider newValue)
      Sets a default value provider for the command and sub-commands

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its sub-commands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Sub-commands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all sub-commands, call the setter last, after adding sub-commands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the default value provider to use
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.6

    • isStopAtPositional

      public boolean isStopAtPositional()
      Returns whether the parser interprets the first positional parameter as "end of options" so the remaining arguments are all treated as positional parameters. The default is false.
      Returns:
      true if all values following the first positional parameter should be treated as positional parameters, false otherwise
      Since:
      2.3

    • setStopAtPositional

      public CommandLine setStopAtPositional(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether the parser interprets the first positional parameter as "end of options" so the remaining arguments are all treated as positional parameters. The default is false.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - true if all values following the first positional parameter should be treated as positional parameters, false otherwise
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      2.3

    • isStopAtUnmatched

      public boolean isStopAtUnmatched()
      Returns whether the parser should stop interpreting options and positional parameters as soon as it encounters an unmatched option. Unmatched options are arguments that look like an option but are not one of the known options, or positional arguments for which there is no available slots (the command has no positional parameters or their size is limited). The default is false.

      Setting this flag to true automatically sets the unmatchedArgumentsAllowed flag to true also.

      Returns:
      true when an unmatched option should result in the remaining command line arguments to be added to the unmatchedArguments list
      Since:
      2.3

    • setStopAtUnmatched

      public CommandLine setStopAtUnmatched(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether the parser should stop interpreting options and positional parameters as soon as it encounters an unmatched option. Unmatched options are arguments that look like an option but are not one of the known options, or positional arguments for which there is no available slots (the command has no positional parameters or their size is limited). The default is false.

      Setting this flag to true automatically sets the unmatchedArgumentsAllowed flag to true also.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - true when an unmatched option should result in the remaining command line arguments to be added to the unmatchedArguments list
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      2.3

    • isUnmatchedOptionsArePositionalParams

      public boolean isUnmatchedOptionsArePositionalParams()
      Returns whether arguments on the command line that resemble an option should be treated as positional parameters. The default is false and the parser behaviour depends on isUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed().
      Returns:
      true arguments on the command line that resemble an option should be treated as positional parameters, false otherwise
      Since:
      3.0
      See Also:

    • setUnmatchedOptionsArePositionalParams

      public CommandLine setUnmatchedOptionsArePositionalParams(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether arguments on the command line that resemble an option should be treated as positional parameters. The default is false.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting. When true, arguments on the command line that resemble an option should be treated as positional parameters.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.0
      See Also:

    • isUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed

      public boolean isUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed()
      Returns whether the end user may specify arguments on the command line that are not matched to any option or parameter fields. The default is false and a CommandLine.UnmatchedArgumentException is thrown if this happens. When true, the last unmatched arguments are available via the getUnmatchedArguments() method.
      Returns:
      true if the end use may specify unmatched arguments on the command line, false otherwise
      Since:
      0.9.7
      See Also:

    • setUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed

      public CommandLine setUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed(boolean newValue)
      Sets whether the end user may specify unmatched arguments on the command line without a CommandLine.UnmatchedArgumentException being thrown. The default is false.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      newValue - the new setting. When true, the last unmatched arguments are available via the getUnmatchedArguments() method.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      0.9.7
      See Also:

    • getUnmatchedArguments

      public List<String> getUnmatchedArguments()
      Returns the list of unmatched command line arguments, if any.
      Returns:
      the list of unmatched command line arguments or an empty list
      Since:
      0.9.7
      See Also:

    • getColorScheme

      public CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme getColorScheme()
      Returns the color scheme to use when printing help. The default value is the default color scheme with Ansi.AUTO.
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • setColorScheme

      public CommandLine setColorScheme(CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme colorScheme)
      Sets the color scheme to use when printing help.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      colorScheme - the new color scheme
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • getOut

      public PrintWriter getOut()
      Returns the writer used when printing user-requested usage help or version help during command execution. Defaults to a PrintWriter wrapper around System.out unless setOut(PrintWriter) was called with a different writer.

      This method is used by execute(String...). Custom IExecutionStrategy implementations should also use this writer.

      By convention, when the user requests help with a --help or similar option, the usage help message is printed to the standard output stream so that it can be easily searched and paged.

      Since:
      4.0

    • setOut

      public CommandLine setOut(PrintWriter out)
      Sets the writer to use when printing user-requested usage help or version help during command execution.

      This method is used by execute(String...). Custom IExecutionStrategy implementations should also use this writer.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      out - the new PrintWriter to use
      Returns:
      this CommandLine for method chaining
      Since:
      4.0

    • getErr

      public PrintWriter getErr()
      Returns the writer to use when printing diagnostic (error) messages during command execution. Defaults to a PrintWriter wrapper around System.err, unless setErr(PrintWriter) was called with a different writer.

      This method is used by execute(String...). IParameterExceptionHandler and IExecutionExceptionHandler implementations should use this writer to print error messages (which may include a usage help message) when an unexpected error occurs.

      Since:
      4.0

    • setErr

      public CommandLine setErr(PrintWriter err)
      Sets the writer to use when printing diagnostic (error) messages during command execution.

      This method is used by execute(String...). IParameterExceptionHandler and IExecutionExceptionHandler implementations should use this writer to print error messages (which may include a usage help message) when an unexpected error occurs.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      err - the new PrintWriter to use
      Returns:
      this CommandLine for method chaining
      Since:
      4.0

    • getExitCodeExceptionMapper

      public CommandLine.IExitCodeExceptionMapper getExitCodeExceptionMapper()

      Returns the mapper that was set by the application to map from exceptions to exit codes, for use by the execute method.

      Returns:
      the mapper that was set, or null if none was set

    • setExitCodeExceptionMapper

      public CommandLine setExitCodeExceptionMapper(CommandLine.IExitCodeExceptionMapper exitCodeExceptionMapper)
      Sets the mapper used by the execute method to map exceptions to exit codes.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      exitCodeExceptionMapper - the new value
      Returns:
      this CommandLine for method chaining
      Since:
      4.0

    • getExecutionStrategy

      public CommandLine.IExecutionStrategy getExecutionStrategy()
      Returns the execution strategy used by the execute method to invoke the business logic on the user objects of this command and/or the user-specified subcommand(s). The default value is RunLast.
      Returns:
      the execution strategy to run the user-specified command
      Since:
      4.0

    • setExecutionStrategy

      public CommandLine setExecutionStrategy(CommandLine.IExecutionStrategy executionStrategy)
      Sets the execution strategy that the execute method should use to invoke the business logic on the user objects of this command and/or the user-specified subcommand(s).

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      executionStrategy - the new execution strategy to run the user-specified command
      Returns:
      this CommandLine for method chaining
      Since:
      4.0

    • getParameterExceptionHandler

      public CommandLine.IParameterExceptionHandler getParameterExceptionHandler()

      Returns the handler for dealing with invalid user input when the command is executed.

      The default implementation prints an error message describing the problem, followed by either suggested alternatives for mistyped options, or the full usage help message of the problematic command; it then delegates to the exit code exception mapper for an exit code, with exitCodeOnInvalidInput as the default exit code.

      Alternatively, you can install a "short error message handler" like this: 

        static class ShortErrorMessageHandler implements IParameterExceptionHandler {
      public int handleParseException(ParameterException ex, String[] args) {
          CommandLine cmd = ex.getCommandLine();
          PrintWriter writer = cmd.getErr();
      

           writer.println(ex.getMessage());
      UnmatchedArgumentException.printSuggestions(ex, writer);
      writer.print(cmd.getHelp().fullSynopsis());
 
      CommandSpec spec = cmd.getCommandSpec();
      writer.printf("Try '%s --help' for more information.%n", spec.qualifiedName());
 
      return cmd.getExitCodeExceptionMapper() != null
                  ? cmd.getExitCodeExceptionMapper().getExitCode(ex)
                  : spec.exitCodeOnInvalidInput();
  }
 
      

      }

      Install this error handler like this:

        new CommandLine(new MyApp())
      .setParameterExceptionHandler(new ShortErrorMessageHandler())
      .execute(args);

      Returns:
      the handler for dealing with invalid user input

    • setParameterExceptionHandler

      public CommandLine setParameterExceptionHandler(CommandLine.IParameterExceptionHandler parameterExceptionHandler)

      Sets the handler for dealing with invalid user input when the command is executed.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      parameterExceptionHandler - the new handler for dealing with invalid user input
      Returns:
      this CommandLine for method chaining
      See Also:

    • getExecutionExceptionHandler

      public CommandLine.IExecutionExceptionHandler getExecutionExceptionHandler()
      Returns the handler for dealing with exceptions that occurred in the Callable, Runnable or Method user object of a command when the command was executed.

      The default implementation rethrows the specified exception.

      Returns:
      the handler for dealing with exceptions that occurred in the business logic when the execute method was invoked.
      Since:
      4.0

    • setExecutionExceptionHandler

      public CommandLine setExecutionExceptionHandler(CommandLine.IExecutionExceptionHandler executionExceptionHandler)

      Sets a custom handler for dealing with exceptions that occurred in the Callable, Runnable or Method user object of a command when the command was executed via the execute method.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      executionExceptionHandler - the handler for dealing with exceptions that occurred in the business logic when the execute method was invoked.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine for method chaining

    • populateCommand

      public static <T> T populateCommand(T command, String... args)

      Convenience method that initializes the specified annotated object from the specified command line arguments.

      This is equivalent to 

        new CommandLine(command).parseArgs(args);
  return command;

      All this method does is parse the arguments and populate the annotated fields and methods. The caller is responsible for catching any exceptions, handling requests for usage help or version information, and invoking the business logic. Applications may be interested in using the execute(String...) method instead.

      Type Parameters:
      T - the type of the annotated object
      Parameters:
      command - the object to initialize. This object contains fields annotated with @Option or @Parameters.
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      the specified annotated object
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ParameterException - if the specified command line arguments are invalid
      Since:
      0.9.7
      See Also:

    • populateSpec

      public static <T> T populateSpec(Class<T> spec, String... args)

      Convenience method that derives the command specification from the specified interface class, and returns an instance of the specified interface. The interface is expected to have annotated getter methods. Picocli will instantiate the interface and the getter methods will return the option and positional parameter values matched on the command line.

      This is equivalent to 

        CommandLine cli = new CommandLine(spec);
  cli.parse(args);
  return cli.getCommand();

      All this method does is parse the arguments and return an instance whose annotated methods return the specified values. The caller is responsible for catching any exceptions, handling requests for usage help or version information, and invoking the business logic. Applications may be interested in using the execute(String...) method instead.

      Type Parameters:
      T - the type of the annotated object
      Parameters:
      spec - the interface that defines the command specification. This object contains getter methods annotated with @Option or @Parameters.
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      an instance of the specified annotated interface
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ParameterException - if the specified command line arguments are invalid
      Since:
      3.1
      See Also:

    • parse

      @Deprecated public List<CommandLine> parse(String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use parseArgs(String...) instead
      Parses the specified command line arguments and returns a list of CommandLine objects representing the top-level command and any subcommands (if any) that were recognized and initialized during the parsing process.

      If parsing succeeds, the first element in the returned list is always this CommandLine object. The returned list may contain more elements if subcommands were registered and these subcommands were initialized by matching command line arguments. If parsing fails, a CommandLine.ParameterException is thrown.

      All this method does is parse the arguments and populate the annotated fields and methods. The caller is responsible for catching any exceptions, handling requests for usage help or version information, and invoking the business logic. Applications may be interested in using the execute(String...) method instead.

      Parameters:
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      a list with the top-level command and any subcommands initialized by this method
      Throws:
      CommandLine.ParameterException - if the specified command line arguments are invalid; use CommandLine.ParameterException.getCommandLine() to get the command or subcommand whose user input was invalid

    • parseArgs

      public CommandLine.ParseResult parseArgs(String... args)
      Parses the specified command line arguments and returns a list of ParseResult with the options, positional parameters, and subcommands (if any) that were recognized and initialized during the parsing process.

      If parsing fails, a CommandLine.ParameterException is thrown.

      All this method does is parse the arguments and populate the annotated fields and methods. The caller is responsible for catching any exceptions, handling requests for usage help or version information, and invoking the business logic. Applications may be interested in using the execute(String...) method instead.

      Parameters:
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      a list with the top-level command and any subcommands initialized by this method
      Throws:
      CommandLine.ParameterException - if the specified command line arguments are invalid; use CommandLine.ParameterException.getCommandLine() to get the command or subcommand whose user input was invalid
      See Also:

    • getParseResult

      public CommandLine.ParseResult getParseResult()

    • getExecutionResult

      public <T> T getExecutionResult()
      Returns the result of calling the user object Callable or invoking the user object Method after parsing the user input, or null if this command has not been executed or if this CommandLine is for a subcommand that was not specified by the end user on the command line.

      Implementation note:

      It is the responsibility of the IExecutionStrategy to set this value.

      Type Parameters:
      T - type of the result value
      Returns:
      the result of the user object Callable or Method (may be null), or null if this (sub)command was not executed
      Since:
      4.0

    • setExecutionResult

      public void setExecutionResult(Object result)
      Sets the result of calling the business logic on the command's user object.
      Parameters:
      result - the business logic result, may be null
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • clearExecutionResults

      public void clearExecutionResults()
      Clears the execution result of a previous invocation from this CommandLine and all subcommands.
      Since:
      4.0

    • defaultExceptionHandler

      public static CommandLine.DefaultExceptionHandler<List<Object>> defaultExceptionHandler()
      Convenience method that returns new DefaultExceptionHandler<List<Object>>().

    • printHelpIfRequested

      @Deprecated public static boolean printHelpIfRequested(List<CommandLine> parsedCommands, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)
      Deprecated.
      use printHelpIfRequested(ParseResult) instead
      Since:
      2.0

    • printHelpIfRequested

      public static boolean printHelpIfRequested(CommandLine.ParseResult parseResult)

      Delegates to executeHelpRequest(ParseResult).

      Parameters:
      parseResult - contains the CommandLine objects found during parsing; check these to see if help was requested
      Returns:
      true if help was printed, false otherwise

    • printHelpIfRequested

      @Deprecated public static boolean printHelpIfRequested(List<CommandLine> parsedCommands, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)
      Deprecated.
      use executeHelpRequest(ParseResult) instead

      Delegates to the implementation of executeHelpRequest(ParseResult).

      Parameters:
      parsedCommands - the list of CommandLine objects to check if help was requested
      out - the PrintStream to print help to if requested
      err - the error string to print diagnostic messages to, in addition to the output from the exception handler
      ansi - for printing help messages using ANSI styles and colors
      Returns:
      true if help was printed, false otherwise

    • printHelpIfRequested

      @Deprecated public static boolean printHelpIfRequested(List<CommandLine> parsedCommands, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme colorScheme)
      Deprecated.
      use executeHelpRequest(ParseResult) instead

      Delegates to the implementation of executeHelpRequest(ParseResult).

      Parameters:
      parsedCommands - the list of CommandLine objects to check if help was requested
      out - the PrintStream to print help to if requested
      err - the error string to print diagnostic messages to, in addition to the output from the exception handler
      colorScheme - for printing help messages using ANSI styles and colors
      Returns:
      true if help was printed, false otherwise

    • executeHelpRequest

      public static Integer executeHelpRequest(CommandLine.ParseResult parseResult)

      Helper method that may be useful when processing the ParseResult that results from successfully parsing command line arguments. This method prints out usage help to the configured output writer if requested or version help to the configured output writer if requested and returns CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec.exitCodeOnUsageHelp() or CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec.exitCodeOnVersionHelp(), respectively. If the command is a CommandLine.Command.helpCommand() and runnable or callable, that command is executed and this method returns CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec.exitCodeOnUsageHelp(). Otherwise, if none of the specified CommandLine objects have help requested, this method returns null.

      Note that this method only looks at the usageHelp and versionHelp attributes. The help attribute is ignored.

      Implementation note:

      When an error occurs while processing the help request, it is recommended custom Help commands throw a CommandLine.ParameterException with a reference to the parent command. This will print the error message and the usage for the parent command, and will use the exit code of the exception handler if one was set.

      Parameters:
      parseResult - contains the CommandLine objects found during parsing; check these to see if help was requested
      Returns:
      CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec.exitCodeOnUsageHelp() if usage help was requested, CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec.exitCodeOnVersionHelp() if version help was requested, and null otherwise
      See Also:

    • execute

      public int execute(String... args)

      Convenience method to allow command line application authors to avoid some boilerplate code in their application. To use this method, the annotated object that this CommandLine is constructed with needs to either implement Runnable, Callable, or be a Method object. See getCommandMethods for a convenient way to obtain a command Method.

      This method replaces the run, call and invoke convenience methods that were available with previous versions of picocli.

      Exit Code

      This method returns an exit code that applications can use to call System.exit. (The return value of the Callable or Method can still be obtained via getExecutionResult.) If the user object Callable or Method returns an int or Integer, this will be used as the exit code. Additionally, if the user object implements IExitCodeGenerator, an exit code is obtained by calling its getExitCode() method (after invoking the user object).

      In the case of multiple exit codes the highest value will be used (or if all values are negative, the lowest value will be used).

      Exception Handling

      This method never throws an exception.

      If the user specified invalid input, the parameter exception handler is invoked. By default this prints an error message and the usage help message, and returns an exit code.

      If an exception occurred while the user object Runnable, Callable, or Method was invoked, this exception is caught and passed to the execution exception handler. The default IExecutionExceptionHandler will rethrow this Exception.

      Any exception thrown from the IParameterExceptionHandler or IExecutionExceptionHandler is caught, it stacktrace is printed and is mapped to an exit code, using the following logic:

      If an IExitCodeExceptionMapper is configured, this mapper is used to determine the exit code based on the exception.

      If an IExitCodeExceptionMapper is not set, by default this method will return the @Command annotation's exitCodeOnInvalidInput or exitCodeOnExecutionException value, respectively.

      Example Usage:

        @Command
  class MyCommand implements Callable<Integer> {
      public Integer call() { return 123; }
  }
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new MyCommand());
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  assert exitCode == 123;
  System.exit(exitCode);

      Since execute is an instance method, not a static method, applications can do configuration before invoking the command. For example:

      
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new MyCallable())
          .setCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed(true) // configure a non-default parser option
          .setOut(myOutWriter()) // configure an alternative to System.out
          .setErr(myErrWriter()) // configure an alternative to System.err
          .setColorScheme(myColorScheme()); // configure a custom color scheme
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  System.exit(exitCode);

      If the specified command has subcommands, the last subcommand specified on the command line is executed. This can be configured by setting the execution strategy. Built-in alternatives are executing the first subcommand, or executing all specified subcommands.

      Parameters:
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      the exit code
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • parseWithHandler

      @Deprecated public List<Object> parseWithHandler(CommandLine.IParseResultHandler handler, PrintStream out, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

    • parseWithHandler

      @Deprecated public <R> R parseWithHandler(CommandLine.IParseResultHandler2<R> handler, String[] args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Returns the result of calling parseWithHandlers(IParseResultHandler2, IExceptionHandler2, String...) with a new CommandLine.DefaultExceptionHandler in addition to the specified parse result handler and the specified command line arguments.

      This is a convenience method intended to offer the same ease of use as the run and call methods, but with more flexibility and better support for nested subcommands.

      Calling this method roughly expands to:

      
  try {
      ParseResult parseResult = parseArgs(args);
      return handler.handleParseResult(parseResult);
  } catch (ParameterException ex) {
      return new DefaultExceptionHandler<R>().handleParseException(ex, args);
  }

      Picocli provides some default handlers that allow you to accomplish some common tasks with very little code. The following handlers are available:

      • CommandLine.RunLast handler prints help if requested, and otherwise gets the last specified command or subcommand and tries to execute it as a Runnable or Callable.
      • CommandLine.RunFirst handler prints help if requested, and otherwise executes the top-level command as a Runnable or Callable.
      • CommandLine.RunAll handler prints help if requested, and otherwise executes all recognized commands and subcommands as Runnable or Callable tasks.
      • CommandLine.DefaultExceptionHandler prints the error message followed by usage help

      Type Parameters:
      R - the return type of this handler
      Parameters:
      handler - the function that will handle the result of successfully parsing the command line arguments
      args - the command line arguments
      Returns:
      an object resulting from handling the parse result or the exception that occurred while parsing the input
      Throws:
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the command line arguments were parsed successfully but a problem occurred while processing the parse results; use CommandLine.ExecutionException.getCommandLine() to get the command or subcommand where processing failed
      See Also:

    • parseWithHandlers

      @Deprecated public List<Object> parseWithHandlers(CommandLine.IParseResultHandler handler, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, CommandLine.IExceptionHandler exceptionHandler, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

    • parseWithHandlers

      @Deprecated public <R> R parseWithHandlers(CommandLine.IParseResultHandler2<R> handler, CommandLine.IExceptionHandler2<R> exceptionHandler, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Tries to parse the specified command line arguments, and if successful, delegates the processing of the resulting ParseResult object to the specified handler. If the command line arguments were invalid, the ParameterException thrown from the parse method is caught and passed to the specified CommandLine.IExceptionHandler2.

      This is a convenience method intended to offer the same ease of use as the run and call methods, but with more flexibility and better support for nested subcommands.

      Calling this method roughly expands to:

        ParseResult parseResult = null;
  try {
      parseResult = parseArgs(args);
      return handler.handleParseResult(parseResult);
  } catch (ParameterException ex) {
      return exceptionHandler.handleParseException(ex, (String[]) args);
  } catch (ExecutionException ex) {
      return exceptionHandler.handleExecutionException(ex, parseResult);
  }

      Picocli provides some default handlers that allow you to accomplish some common tasks with very little code. The following handlers are available:

      • CommandLine.RunLast handler prints help if requested, and otherwise gets the last specified command or subcommand and tries to execute it as a Runnable or Callable.
      • CommandLine.RunFirst handler prints help if requested, and otherwise executes the top-level command as a Runnable or Callable.
      • CommandLine.RunAll handler prints help if requested, and otherwise executes all recognized commands and subcommands as Runnable or Callable tasks.
      • CommandLine.DefaultExceptionHandler prints the error message followed by usage help

      Type Parameters:
      R - the return type of the result handler and exception handler
      Parameters:
      handler - the function that will handle the result of successfully parsing the command line arguments
      exceptionHandler - the function that can handle the ParameterException thrown when the command line arguments are invalid
      args - the command line arguments
      Returns:
      an object resulting from handling the parse result or the exception that occurred while parsing the input
      Throws:
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the command line arguments were parsed successfully but a problem occurred while processing the parse result ParseResult object; use CommandLine.ExecutionException.getCommandLine() to get the command or subcommand where processing failed
      See Also:

    • usage

      public static void usage(Object command, PrintStream out)

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(command).usage(out). See usage(PrintStream) for details.

      Parameters:
      command - the object annotated with CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option and CommandLine.Parameters
      out - the print stream to print the help message to
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation

    • usage

      public static void usage(Object command, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(command).usage(out, ansi). See usage(PrintStream, Help.Ansi) for details.

      Parameters:
      command - the object annotated with CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option and CommandLine.Parameters
      out - the print stream to print the help message to
      ansi - whether the usage message should contain ANSI escape codes or not
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation

    • usage

      public static void usage(Object command, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme colorScheme)

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(command).usage(out, colorScheme). See usage(PrintStream, Help.ColorScheme) for details.

      Parameters:
      command - the object annotated with CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option and CommandLine.Parameters
      out - the print stream to print the help message to
      colorScheme - the ColorScheme defining the styles for options, parameters and commands when ANSI is enabled
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation

    • usage

      public void usage(PrintStream out)

      Delegates to usage(PrintStream, Help.ColorScheme) with the configured color scheme.

      Parameters:
      out - the printStream to print to
      See Also:

    • usage

      public void usage(PrintWriter writer)

      Delegates to usage(PrintWriter, Help.ColorScheme) with the configured color scheme.

      Parameters:
      writer - the PrintWriter to print to
      See Also:

    • usage

      public void usage(PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)

      Delegates to usage(PrintStream, Help.ColorScheme) with the default color scheme.

      Parameters:
      out - the printStream to print to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      See Also:

    • usage

      public void usage(PrintWriter writer, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)
      Similar to usage(PrintStream, Help.Ansi) but with the specified PrintWriter instead of a PrintStream.
      Since:
      3.0

    • usage

      public void usage(PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme colorScheme)

      Prints a usage help message for the annotated command class to the specified PrintStream. Delegates construction of the usage help message to the CommandLine.Help inner class and is equivalent to: 

        Help.ColorScheme colorScheme = Help.defaultColorScheme(Help.Ansi.AUTO);
  Help help = getHelpFactory().create(getCommandSpec(), colorScheme)
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  for (String key : getHelpSectionKeys()) {
      IHelpSectionRenderer renderer = getHelpSectionMap().get(key);
      if (renderer != null) { sb.append(renderer.render(help)); }
  }
  out.print(sb);

      Annotate your class with CommandLine.Command to control many aspects of the usage help message, including the program name, text of section headings and section contents, and some aspects of the auto-generated sections of the usage help message.

      To customize the auto-generated sections of the usage help message, like how option details are displayed, instantiate a CommandLine.Help object and use a CommandLine.Help.TextTable with more of fewer columns, a custom layout, and/or a custom option renderer for ultimate control over which aspects of an Option or Field are displayed where.

      Parameters:
      out - the PrintStream to print the usage help message to
      colorScheme - the ColorScheme defining the styles for options, parameters and commands when ANSI is enabled
      See Also:

    • usage

      public void usage(PrintWriter writer, CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme colorScheme)
      Similar to usage(PrintStream, Help.ColorScheme), but with the specified PrintWriter instead of a PrintStream.
      Since:
      3.0

    • getUsageMessage

      public String getUsageMessage()
      Similar to usage(PrintStream), but returns the usage help message as a String instead of printing it to the PrintStream.
      Since:
      3.2

    • getUsageMessage

      public String getUsageMessage(CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)
      Similar to usage(PrintStream, Help.Ansi), but returns the usage help message as a String instead of printing it to the PrintStream.
      Since:
      3.2

    • getUsageMessage

      public String getUsageMessage(CommandLine.Help.ColorScheme colorScheme)
      Similar to usage(PrintStream, Help.ColorScheme), but returns the usage help message as a String instead of printing it to the PrintStream.
      Since:
      3.2

    • printVersionHelp

      public void printVersionHelp(PrintStream out)

      Delegates to printVersionHelp(PrintStream, Help.Ansi) with the ANSI setting of the configured color scheme.

      Parameters:
      out - the printStream to print to
      Since:
      0.9.8
      See Also:

    • printVersionHelp

      public void printVersionHelp(PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi)

      Prints version information from the CommandLine.Command.version() annotation to the specified PrintStream. Each element of the array of version strings is printed on a separate line. Version strings may contain markup for colors and style.

      Parameters:
      out - the printStream to print to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      Since:
      0.9.8
      See Also:

    • printVersionHelp

      public void printVersionHelp(PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, Object... params)

      Prints version information from the CommandLine.Command.version() annotation to the specified PrintStream. Each element of the array of version strings is formatted with the specified parameters, and printed on a separate line. Both version strings and parameters may contain markup for colors and style.

      Parameters:
      out - the printStream to print to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      params - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the version strings
      Since:
      1.0.0
      See Also:

    • printVersionHelp

      public void printVersionHelp(PrintWriter out)

      Delegates to printVersionHelp(PrintWriter, Help.Ansi, Object...) with the ANSI setting of the configured color scheme.

      Parameters:
      out - the PrintWriter to print to

    • printVersionHelp

      public void printVersionHelp(PrintWriter out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, Object... params)

      Prints version information from the CommandLine.Command.version() annotation to the specified PrintWriter. Each element of the array of version strings is formatted with the specified parameters, and printed on a separate line. Both version strings and parameters may contain markup for colors and style.

      Parameters:
      out - the PrintWriter to print to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      params - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the version strings
      See Also:

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(C callable, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(callable).execute(args), except for the return value.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated object must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callable - the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.0
      See Also:

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(C callable, PrintStream out, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to call(Callable, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages and CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated object must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callable - the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      See Also:

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(C callable, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to call(Callable, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated object must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callable - the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      ansi - the ANSI style to use
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      See Also:

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(C callable, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Convenience method to allow command line application authors to avoid some boilerplate code in their application. The annotated object needs to implement Callable.

      Consider using the execute(String...) method instead:

      
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(callable)
          .setOut(myOutWriter()) // System.out by default
          .setErr(myErrWriter()) // System.err by default
          .setColorScheme(myColorScheme()); // default color scheme, Ansi.AUTO by default
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  //System.exit(exitCode);

      If the specified Callable command has subcommands, the last subcommand specified on the command line is executed.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated object must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the specified Callable
      Parameters:
      callable - the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      err - the printStream to print diagnostic messages to
      ansi - including whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.0

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(Class<C> callableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(callableClass, factory).execute(args), except for the return value.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated class must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callableClass - class of the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified callable class and potentially inject other components
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2
      See Also:

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(Class<C> callableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, PrintStream out, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to call(Class, IFactory, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages, and CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated class must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callableClass - class of the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified callable class and potentially injecting other components
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(Class<C> callableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to call(Class, IFactory, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated class must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callableClass - class of the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified callable class and potentially injecting other components
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      ansi - the ANSI style to use
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2

    • call

      @Deprecated public static <C extends Callable<T>, T> T call(Class<C> callableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Convenience method to allow command line application authors to avoid some boilerplate code in their application. The specified factory will create an instance of the specified callableClass; use this method instead of call(Callable, ...) if you want to use a factory that performs Dependency Injection. The annotated class needs to implement Callable.

      Consider using the execute(String...) method instead:

      
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(callableClass, factory)
          .setOut(myOutWriter()) // System.out by default
          .setErr(myErrWriter()) // System.err by default
          .setColorScheme(myColorScheme()); // default color scheme, Ansi.AUTO by default
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  //System.exit(exitCode);

      If the specified Callable command has subcommands, the last subcommand specified on the command line is executed.

      Type Parameters:
      C - the annotated class must implement Callable
      T - the return type of the most specific command (must implement Callable)
      Parameters:
      callableClass - class of the command to call when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified callable class and potentially injecting other components
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      err - the printStream to print diagnostic messages to
      ansi - the ANSI style to use
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Returns:
      null if an error occurred while parsing the command line options, or if help was requested and printed. Otherwise returns the result of calling the Callable
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Callable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(R runnable, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(runnable).execute(args).

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated object must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnable - the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.0
      See Also:

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(R runnable, PrintStream out, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Delegates to run(Runnable, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages and CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated object must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnable - the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      See Also:

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(R runnable, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Delegates to run(Runnable, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages.

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated object must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnable - the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      See Also:

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(R runnable, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Convenience method to allow command line application authors to avoid some boilerplate code in their application. The annotated object needs to implement Runnable.

      Consider using the execute(String...) method instead:

      
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(runnable)
          .setOut(myOutWriter()) // System.out by default
          .setErr(myErrWriter()) // System.err by default
          .setColorScheme(myColorScheme()); // default color scheme, Ansi.AUTO by default
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  //System.exit(exitCode);

      If the specified Runnable command has subcommands, the last subcommand specified on the command line is executed.

      From picocli v2.0, this method prints usage help or version help if requested, and any exceptions thrown by the Runnable are caught and rethrown wrapped in an ExecutionException.

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated object must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnable - the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      err - the printStream to print diagnostic messages to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified command object does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.0

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(Class<R> runnableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Equivalent to new CommandLine(runnableClass, factory).execute(args).

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated class must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnableClass - class of the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified Runnable class and potentially injecting other components
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2
      See Also:

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(Class<R> runnableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, PrintStream out, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Delegates to run(Class, IFactory, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages, and CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated class must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnableClass - class of the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified Runnable class and potentially injecting other components
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2
      See Also:

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(Class<R> runnableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Delegates to run(Class, IFactory, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.err for diagnostic error messages.

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated class must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnableClass - class of the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified Runnable class and potentially injecting other components
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified class cannot be instantiated by the factory, or does not have a CommandLine.Command, CommandLine.Option or CommandLine.Parameters annotation
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.2
      See Also:

    • run

      @Deprecated public static <R extends Runnable> void run(Class<R> runnableClass, CommandLine.IFactory factory, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) instead

      Convenience method to allow command line application authors to avoid some boilerplate code in their application. The specified factory will create an instance of the specified runnableClass; use this method instead of run(Runnable, ...) if you want to use a factory that performs Dependency Injection. The annotated class needs to implement Runnable.

      Consider using the execute(String...) method instead:

      
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(runnableClass, factory)
          .setOut(myOutWriter()) // System.out by default
          .setErr(myErrWriter()) // System.err by default
          .setColorScheme(myColorScheme()); // default color scheme, Ansi.AUTO by default
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  //System.exit(exitCode);

      If the specified Runnable command has subcommands, the last subcommand specified on the command line is executed.

      This method prints usage help or version help if requested, and any exceptions thrown by the Runnable are caught and rethrown wrapped in an ExecutionException.

      Type Parameters:
      R - the annotated class must implement Runnable
      Parameters:
      runnableClass - class of the command to run when parsing succeeds.
      factory - the factory responsible for instantiating the specified Runnable class and potentially injecting other components
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      err - the printStream to print diagnostic messages to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Since:
      3.2

    • invoke

      @Deprecated public static Object invoke(String methodName, Class<?> cls, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to invoke(String, Class, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with System.out for requested usage help messages, System.err for diagnostic error messages, and CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.

      Parameters:
      methodName - the @Command-annotated method to build a CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec model from, and run when parsing succeeds.
      cls - the class where the @Command-annotated method is declared, or a subclass
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified method does not have a CommandLine.Command annotation, or if the specified class contains multiple @Command-annotated methods with the specified name
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.6
      See Also:

    • invoke

      @Deprecated public static Object invoke(String methodName, Class<?> cls, PrintStream out, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to invoke(String, Class, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with the specified stream for requested usage help messages, System.err for diagnostic error messages, and CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.

      Parameters:
      methodName - the @Command-annotated method to build a CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec model from, and run when parsing succeeds.
      cls - the class where the @Command-annotated method is declared, or a subclass
      out - the printstream to print requested help message to
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified method does not have a CommandLine.Command annotation, or if the specified class contains multiple @Command-annotated methods with the specified name
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.6
      See Also:

    • invoke

      @Deprecated public static Object invoke(String methodName, Class<?> cls, PrintStream out, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Delegates to invoke(String, Class, PrintStream, PrintStream, Help.Ansi, String...) with the specified stream for requested usage help messages, System.err for diagnostic error messages, and the specified Ansi mode.

      Parameters:
      methodName - the @Command-annotated method to build a CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec model from, and run when parsing succeeds.
      cls - the class where the @Command-annotated method is declared, or a subclass
      out - the printstream to print requested help message to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified method does not have a CommandLine.Command annotation, or if the specified class contains multiple @Command-annotated methods with the specified name
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the Runnable throws an exception
      Since:
      3.6
      See Also:

    • invoke

      @Deprecated public static Object invoke(String methodName, Class<?> cls, PrintStream out, PrintStream err, CommandLine.Help.Ansi ansi, String... args)
      Deprecated.
      use execute(String...) and getExecutionResult() instead

      Convenience method to allow command line application authors to avoid some boilerplate code in their application. Constructs a CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec model from the @Option and @Parameters-annotated method parameters of the @Command-annotated method, parses the specified command line arguments and invokes the specified method.

      Consider using the execute(String...) method instead:

      
  Method commandMethod = getCommandMethods(cls, methodName).get(0);
  CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(commandMethod)
          .setOut(myOutWriter()) // System.out by default
          .setErr(myErrWriter()) // System.err by default
          .setColorScheme(myColorScheme()); // default color scheme, Ansi.AUTO by default
  int exitCode = cmd.execute(args);
  //System.exit(exitCode);

      Parameters:
      methodName - the @Command-annotated method to build a CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec model from, and run when parsing succeeds.
      cls - the class where the @Command-annotated method is declared, or a subclass
      out - the printStream to print the usage help message to when the user requested help
      err - the printStream to print diagnostic messages to
      ansi - whether the usage message should include ANSI escape codes or not
      args - the command line arguments to parse
      Throws:
      CommandLine.InitializationException - if the specified method does not have a CommandLine.Command annotation, or if the specified class contains multiple @Command-annotated methods with the specified name
      CommandLine.ExecutionException - if the method throws an exception
      Since:
      3.6

    • getCommandMethods

      public static List<Method> getCommandMethods(Class<?> cls, String methodName)

      Helper to get methods of a class annotated with @Command via reflection, optionally filtered by method name (not @Command.name). Methods have to be either public (inherited) members or be declared by cls, that is "inherited" static or protected methods will not be picked up.

      Parameters:
      cls - the class to search for methods annotated with @Command
      methodName - if not null, return only methods whose method name (not @Command.name) equals this string. Ignored if null.
      Returns:
      the matching command methods, or an empty list
      Since:
      3.6.0
      See Also:

    • registerConverter

      public <K> CommandLine registerConverter(Class<K> cls, CommandLine.ITypeConverter<K> converter)

      Registers the specified type converter for the specified class. When initializing fields annotated with CommandLine.Option, the field's type is used as a lookup key to find the associated type converter, and this type converter converts the original command line argument string value to the correct type.

      Java 8 lambdas make it easy to register custom type converters: 

        commandLine.registerConverter(java.nio.file.Path.class, s -> java.nio.file.Paths.get(s));
  commandLine.registerConverter(java.time.Duration.class, s -> java.time.Duration.parse(s));

      Built-in type converters are pre-registered for the following java 1.5 types:

      • all primitive types
      • all primitive wrapper types: Boolean, Byte, Character, Double, Float, Integer, Long, Short
      • any enum
      • java.io.File
      • java.math.BigDecimal
      • java.math.BigInteger
      • java.net.InetAddress
      • java.net.URI
      • java.net.URL
      • java.nio.charset.Charset
      • java.sql.Time
      • java.util.Date
      • java.util.UUID
      • java.util.regex.Pattern
      • StringBuilder
      • CharSequence
      • String

      The specified converter will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment the converter is registered. Subcommands added later will not have this converter added automatically. To ensure a custom type converter is available to all subcommands, register the type converter last, after adding subcommands.

      Type Parameters:
      K - the target type
      Parameters:
      cls - the target class to convert parameter string values to
      converter - the class capable of converting string values to the specified target type
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      See Also:

    • getSeparator

      public String getSeparator()
      Returns the String that separates option names from option values when parsing command line options.
      Returns:
      the String the parser uses to separate option names from option values
      See Also:

    • setSeparator

      public CommandLine setSeparator(String separator)
      Sets the String the parser uses to separate option names from option values to the specified value. The separator may also be set declaratively with the CommandLine.Command.separator() annotation attribute.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      separator - the String that separates option names from option values
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      See Also:

    • getResourceBundle

      public ResourceBundle getResourceBundle()
      Returns the ResourceBundle of this command or null if no resource bundle is set.
      Since:
      3.6
      See Also:

    • setResourceBundle

      public CommandLine setResourceBundle(ResourceBundle bundle)
      Sets the ResourceBundle containing usage help message strings.

      The specified bundle will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will not be impacted. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      bundle - the ResourceBundle containing usage help message strings
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.6
      See Also:

    • getUsageHelpWidth

      public int getUsageHelpWidth()
      Returns the maximum width of the usage help message. The default is 80.
      See Also:

    • setUsageHelpWidth

      public CommandLine setUsageHelpWidth(int width)
      Sets the maximum width of the usage help message. Longer lines are wrapped.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      width - the maximum width of the usage help message
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      See Also:

    • isUsageHelpAutoWidth

      public boolean isUsageHelpAutoWidth()
      Returns whether picocli should attempt to detect the terminal size and adjust the usage help message width to take the full terminal width. End users may enable this by setting system property "picocli.usage.width" to AUTO, and may disable this by setting this system property to a numeric value. This feature requires Java 7 or greater. The default is false.
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • setUsageHelpAutoWidth

      public CommandLine setUsageHelpAutoWidth(boolean detectTerminalSize)
      Sets whether picocli should attempt to detect the terminal size and adjust the usage help message width to take the full terminal width. The default is false.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      detectTerminalSize - whether picocli should attempt to detect the terminal size
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • getCommandName

      public String getCommandName()
      Returns the command name (also called program name) displayed in the usage help synopsis.
      Returns:
      the command name (also called program name) displayed in the usage
      Since:
      2.0
      See Also:

    • setCommandName

      public CommandLine setCommandName(String commandName)
      Sets the command name (also called program name) displayed in the usage help synopsis to the specified value. Note that this method only modifies the usage help message, it does not impact parsing behaviour. The command name may also be set declaratively with the CommandLine.Command.name() annotation attribute.
      Parameters:
      commandName - command name (also called program name) displayed in the usage help synopsis
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      2.0
      See Also:

    • isExpandAtFiles

      public boolean isExpandAtFiles()
      Returns whether arguments starting with '@' should be treated as the path to an argument file and its contents should be expanded into separate arguments for each line in the specified file. This property is true by default.
      Returns:
      whether "argument files" or @files should be expanded into their content
      Since:
      2.1
      See Also:

    • setExpandAtFiles

      public CommandLine setExpandAtFiles(boolean expandAtFiles)
      Sets whether arguments starting with '@' should be treated as the path to an argument file and its contents should be expanded into separate arguments for each line in the specified file. (true by default.)
      Parameters:
      expandAtFiles - whether "argument files" or @files should be expanded into their content
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      2.1
      See Also:

    • getAtFileCommentChar

      public Character getAtFileCommentChar()
      Returns the character that starts a single-line comment or null if all content of argument files should be interpreted as arguments (without comments). If specified, all characters from the comment character to the end of the line are ignored.
      Returns:
      the character that starts a single-line comment or null. The default is '#'.
      Since:
      3.5
      See Also:

    • setAtFileCommentChar

      public CommandLine setAtFileCommentChar(Character atFileCommentChar)
      Sets the character that starts a single-line comment or null if all content of argument files should be interpreted as arguments (without comments). If specified, all characters from the comment character to the end of the line are ignored.
      Parameters:
      atFileCommentChar - the character that starts a single-line comment or null. The default is '#'.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.5
      See Also:

    • isUseSimplifiedAtFiles

      public boolean isUseSimplifiedAtFiles()
      Returns whether to use a simplified argument file format that is compatible with JCommander. In this format, every line (except empty lines and comment lines) is interpreted as a single argument. Arguments containing whitespace do not need to be quoted. When system property "picocli.useSimplifiedAtFiles" is defined, the system property value overrides the programmatically set value.
      Returns:
      whether to use a simplified argument file format. The default is false.
      Since:
      3.9
      See Also:

    • setUseSimplifiedAtFiles

      public CommandLine setUseSimplifiedAtFiles(boolean simplifiedAtFiles)
      Sets whether to use a simplified argument file format that is compatible with JCommander. In this format, every line (except empty lines and comment lines) is interpreted as a single argument. Arguments containing whitespace do not need to be quoted. When system property "picocli.useSimplifiedAtFiles" is defined, the system property value overrides the programmatically set value.
      Parameters:
      simplifiedAtFiles - whether to use a simplified argument file format. The default is false.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      3.9
      See Also:

    • getNegatableOptionTransformer

      public CommandLine.INegatableOptionTransformer getNegatableOptionTransformer()
      Returns the INegatableOptionTransformer used to create the negative form of negatable options. By default this returns the result of CommandLine.RegexTransformer.createDefault().
      Returns:
      the INegatableOptionTransformer used to create negative option names.
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • setNegatableOptionTransformer

      public CommandLine setNegatableOptionTransformer(CommandLine.INegatableOptionTransformer transformer)
      Sets the INegatableOptionTransformer used to create the negative form of negatable options.

      The specified setting will be registered with this CommandLine and the full hierarchy of its subcommands and nested sub-subcommands at the moment this method is called. Subcommands added later will have the default setting. To ensure a setting is applied to all subcommands, call the setter last, after adding subcommands.

      Parameters:
      transformer - the INegatableOptionTransformer used to create negative option names.
      Returns:
      this CommandLine object, to allow method chaining
      Since:
      4.0
      See Also:

    • defaultFactory

      public static CommandLine.IFactory defaultFactory()
      Returns the default CommandLine.IFactory implementation used if no factory was specified in the CommandLine constructor.

      This implementation has special logic for instantiating Collections and Maps, and otherwise tries to create an instance by invoking the default constructor of the specified class.

      Special logic for instantiating Collections and Maps:

      
 // if class is an interface that extends java.util.Collection, return a new instance of:
 1. List       -> ArrayList
 2. SortedSet  -> TreeSet
 3. Set        -> LinkedHashSet
 4. Queue      -> LinkedList
 5. Collection -> ArrayList

 // if extending or implementing java.util.Map:
 1. try invoking the default constructor; return this on success.
 2. if this fails, return a LinkedHashMap
      Since:
      4.0